5 results
27 Risky Decision-Making Moderates the Association Between Motives for Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Trajectories Among Adolescents
- Sarah Lehman, Erin Thompson, Samuel Hawes, Ashley Adams, Karen Granja, Raul Gonzalez
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 817-818
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
Prior literature has documented how motives for cannabis use predict frequency of use and cannabis use problems among adolescents. However, few studies have examined possible moderating variables that may influence the association between cannabis use motives and frequency of use. The current study examines how risky decision-making moderates this association to help better understand which individuals are at greater risk for cannabis use escalation. The current study will be the first to examine the interactive effects of motives for cannabis use (i.e., health or recreational reasons) and risky decision-making on cannabis use trajectories among a sample of adolescent cannabis users.
Participants and Methods:Data from 194 adolescent cannabis users aged 14–17 at baseline were analyzed as part of a larger longitudinal study. Participants included those who self-reported use of cannabis within six months prior to the baseline assessment. The Marijuana Reasons for Use Questionnaire (MJRUQ) was used to assess motives for cannabis use from a list of 13 items. A confirmatory factor analysis identified “health” and “recreational” factors for motives for cannabis use. Lifetime frequency of cannabis use (number of days used) was assessed through the Drug Use History Questionnaire, while risky decision-making was assessed using the Game of Dice Task. We used latent growth curve modeling and linear regression analyses to examine the interactive effects of motives for cannabis use and risky decision-making on initial levels of lifetime cannabis use at baseline, and rate of cannabis use escalation over time.
Results:No significant interactive effects were found for health motives for cannabis use; however, we found significant main effects of health motives on initial levels of lifetime cannabis use at baseline (b = 100.82, p < .01) and rate of cannabis use escalation (b = 24.79, p < .01). Those with a greater proclivity to use cannabis for health purposes showed higher initial levels of lifetime use at baseline and steeper increases in the rate of cannabis use escalation relative to those less likely to use for health purposes. Furthermore, we found a significant interactive effect of recreational motives for use and risky decision-making on the rate of cannabis use escalation (b = -2.53, p < .01). Follow-up analyses revealed that among those less likely to use cannabis for recreational purposes, higher risky decision-making was associated with a steeper increase in the rate of cannabis use escalation relative to those who exhibited lower risky decision-making.
Conclusions:The current study replicated findings suggesting that cannabis use motives influence cannabis use trajectories. We found that using cannabis primarily for health reasons was associated with higher initial levels and steeper increases in use regardless of decision-making. Furthermore, we found that both motives for use and risky decision-making interacted to influence associations with cannabis use trajectories. Specifically, among individuals reporting less cannabis use for recreational reasons, those with relatively riskier decision-making showed steeper increases in the rate of cannabis use escalation. These findings inform prevention and intervention practices that focus on decision-making by tailoring approaches based on an individual’s primary motives for cannabis use.
4 HIV Status and Cannabis Use: A Rigorous Examination of Between Group Differences in Neurocognitive Functioning
- Ashley R Adams, Sarah M Lehman, Erin L Thompson, Brenda Lerner, Raul Gonzalez
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 684-685
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
A recent review called for a more robust assessment of cannabis use (CU), including amount and timing of recent use to assess neurocognitive effects of CU among people living with HIV (PWH) (Ellis et al., 2021). The current study addresses some issues raised by investigating between group neurocognitive differences among healthy controls and PWH who differ on their cannabis use histories, using strict inclusion criteria, robust classification of CU, and administration of an established neurocognitive test battery.
Participants and Methods:Among this community sample of adults (N=309), 58 were classified as CU+/HIV+ group (84.5% Male), 76 as CU-/HIV+ (57.9% M), 86 as CU+/HIV- (58.1% M), and 89 as CU-/HIV- (53.9% M). Exclusion criteria included history of past 12-month dependence and extensive lifetime dependence or significant use of illicit substances other than cannabis, severe or current mood or thought disorder, and other medical conditions that adversely impact neurocognitive functioning. Inclusion criteria for CU+ groups included <30-days since last CU, >10 times of CU in last month, 3 times of CU per month in last 12 months, > 1 year of CU, and > 500 times used in lifetime. CU parameters did not statistically differ between HIV+/CU+ and HIV-/CU+. CU- groups’ inclusion criteria required no CU in last 6 months, 196 lifetime number of times used, and no history of CU dependance. Lifetime CU did not statistically differ between CU-/HIV+ and CU-/HIV- groups. HIV+ groups did not differ significantly on HIV viral load in plasma or nadir CD4+ counts. Significant between group differences included age, sex, years of education, and amount of alcohol and nicotine use within 12 months. The aforementioned sociodemographic and substance use variables that differed between groups were covariates in analyses. A battery of 10 neurocognitive measures, two measures per each domain of learning, memory, motor, executive functioning, and processing speed. Global composite summary scores for overall neurocognitive performance were calculated by averaging M T-scores for each neurocognitive domain. Data transformations were used to address any violations of statistical assumptions.
Results:To facilitate data reduction, neurocognitive task scores were standardized to T-scores using the M and SD of the CU-/HIV-group. An omnibus model of between-group comparisons on global neurocognitive task performance revealed no significant differences, F(3) = .16, p = .923. Subsequent Tukey’s post hoc test revealed no significant differences among the four groups. Results also revealed nonsignificant differences between groups in neurocognitive performance within each domain. However, the CU-/HIV- group performed significantly worse than the CU-/HIV+ group on the Executive Functioning domain, based on Tukey’s post hoc test.
Conclusions:We found no significant global neurocognitive differences among groups; however, there was some evidence for domain-specific neurocognitive differences in executive functioning. This contrasts somewhat with existing literature on HIV and cannabis-associated neurocognitive deficits. Several factors may have contributed to this, including our relatively healthy PWH sample. Future analyses will examine interactive effects of HIV severity and severity of CU on neurocognition. This analysis will better determine who, among PWH, are most at-risk for cannabis-associated neurocognitive effects and what factors may exacerbate them.
Cannabis use and episodic memory performance among adolescents: Moderating effects of depression symptoms and sex
- Sarah M. Lehman, Erin L. Thompson, Ileana Pacheco-Colón, Samuel W. Hawes, Ashley R. Adams, Karen Granja, William J. Pulido, Raul Gonzalez
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue 8 / October 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 February 2023, pp. 715-723
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Objective:
Cannabis use has been linked to poorer episodic memory. However, little is known about whether depression and sex may interact as potential moderators of this association, particularly among adolescents. The current study addresses this by examining interactions between depression symptoms and sex on the association between cannabis use and episodic memory in a large sample of adolescents.
Method:Cross-sectional data from 360 adolescents (Mage = 17.38, SD = .75) were analyzed at the final assessment wave of a two-year longitudinal study. We used the Drug Use History Questionnaire to assess for lifetime cannabis use, and the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Fourth edition to assess the number of depression symptoms in the past year. Subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scale, Fourth Edition and the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition were used to assess episodic memory performance.
Results:The effect of the three-way interaction among cannabis use, depression symptoms, and sex did not have a significant impact on episodic memory performance. However, follow-up analyses revealed a significant effect of the two-way interaction of cannabis use and depression symptoms on episodic memory, such that associations between cannabis use and episodic memory were only significant at lower and average levels of depression symptoms.
Conclusions:Contrary to our hypotheses, we found that as depression symptoms increased, the negative association between cannabis use and episodic memory diminished. Given the use of a predominantly subsyndromic sample, future studies should attempt to replicate findings among individuals with more severe depression.
Genetic versus environmental influences on callous–unemotional traits in preadolescence: The role of parenting and parental psychopathology
- Samantha Perlstein, Samuel Hawes, Alexandra Y. Vazquez, Ileana Pacheco-Colón, Sarah Lehman, Justin Parent, Amy Byrd, Rebecca Waller
-
- Journal:
- Development and Psychopathology / Volume 34 / Issue 5 / December 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 October 2022, pp. 1686-1701
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Children with callous–unemotional (CU) traits are at risk for severe conduct problems. While CU traits are moderately heritable, parenting also predicts risk. However, few studies have investigated whether parenting factors (e.g., acceptance, conflict, parental psychopathology) moderate the etiology of CU traits, while accounting for gene–environment correlations. To address this knowledge gap, we used data from 772 twin pairs from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study to test bivariate models that explored overlapping etiological influences on CU traits and child reports of their parenting environment. We also used gene-by-environment interaction models to test whether parenting moderated genetic versus environmental influences. There were no overlapping etiological influences on CU traits and parental acceptance, but modest genetic and non-shared environmental overlap between CU traits and family conflict. Parental acceptance and psychopathology moderated non-shared environmental influences, with stronger non-shared environmental influences on CU traits among children who experienced lower parental acceptance and greater parental psychopathology. Family conflict only moderated environmental influences when models did not covary for conduct problems. Parental acceptance and parental psychopathology may be specific environmental protective and risk factors for CU traits, whereas family conflict may represent a general environmental risk factor for both CU traits and conduct problems.
Contributors
-
- By Krista Adamek, Ana Luisa K. Albernaz, J. Marcio Ayres†, Andrew J. Baker, Karen L. Bales, Adrian A. Barnett, Christopher Barton, John M. Bates, Jennie Becker, Bruna M. Bezerra, Júlio César Bicca-Marques, Richard Bodmer, Jean P. Boubli, Mark Bowler, Sarah A. Boyle, Christini Barbosa Caselli, Janice Chism, Elena P. Cunningham, José Maria C. da Silva, Lesa C. Davies, Nayara de Alcântara Cardoso, Manuella A. de Souza, Stella de la Torre, Ana Gabriela de Luna, Thomas R. Defler, Anthony Di Fiore, Eduardo Fernandez-Duque, Stephen F. Ferrari, Wilsea M.B. Figueiredo-Ready, Tracy Frampton, Paul A. Garber, Brian W. Grafton, L. Tremaine Gregory, Maria L. Harada, Amy Harrison-Levine, Walter C. Hartwig, Stefanie Heiduck, Eckhard W. Heymann, André Hirsch, Leandro Jerusalinsky, Gareth Jones, Richard F. Kay, Martin M. Kowalewski, Shawn M. Lehman, Laura Marsh, Jesús Martinez, William A. Mason, Hope Matthews, Wynlyn McBride, Shona McCann-Wood, W. Scott McGraw, D. Jeffrey Meldrum, Sally P. Mendoza, Nohelia Mercado, Russell A. Mittermeier, Mirjam N. Nadjafzadeh, Marilyn A. Norconk, Robert Gary Norman, Marcela Oliveira, Marcelo M. Oliveira, Maria Juliana Ospina Rodríguez, Erwin Palacios, Suzanne Palminteri, Liliam P. Pinto, Marcio Port-Carvalho, Leila Porter, Carlos Portillo-Quintero, George Powell, Ghillean T. Prance, Rodrigo C. Printes, Pablo Puertas, P. Kirsten Pullen, Helder L. Queiroz, Luis Reginaldo R. Rodrigues, Adriana Rodríguez, Alfred L. Rosenberger, Anthony B. Rylands, Ricardo R. Santos, Horacio Schneider, Eleonore Z.F. Setz, Suleima S.B. Silva, José S. Silva Júnior, Andrew T. Smith, Marcelo C. Sousa, Antonio S. Souto, Wilson R. Spironello, Masanaru Takai, Marcelo F. Tejedor, Cynthia L. Thompson, Diego G. Tirira, Raul Tupayachi, Bernardo Urbani, Liza M. Veiga, Marianela Velilla, João Valsecchi, Jean-Christophe Vié, Tatiana M. Vieira, Suzanne E. Walker-Pacheco, Rob Wallace, Patricia C. Wright, Charles E. Zartman
- Edited by Liza M. Veiga, Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil, Adrian A. Barnett, Roehampton University, London, Stephen F. Ferrari, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Brazil, Marilyn A. Norconk, Kent State University, Ohio
-
- Book:
- Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Titis, Sakis and Uacaris
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
- Print publication:
- 11 April 2013, pp xii-xv
-
- Chapter
- Export citation